Which digital music innovation first allowed independent artists to bypass traditional retail and sell directly to fans, fundamentally changing the music industry's product development model?

The music industry has undergone massive transformations in how products reach consumers. From vinyl records to streaming services, the way we purchase and consume music has evolved dramatically. This trivia question tests your knowledge of a pivotal innovation in music retail that changed how artists and labels approach product development and distribution strategies. Do you know your music industry history well enough to identify this game-changing development?

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Apple's iTunes Music Store (2003)
Bandcamp's artist-centered platform (2008)
Spotify's streaming service (2006)
SoundCloud's audio distribution platform (2007)