Which wildlife conservation organization pioneered the 'adoption model' that has since been widely replicated across the conservation sector?

Test your knowledge about innovative brand strategies in the wildlife conservation sector! Many organizations are using creative approaches to raise awareness and funds for endangered species and habitat protection. From subscription boxes that support conservation efforts to partnerships with major retailers, these strategies are changing how we engage with wildlife protection. Can you identify which of these brand initiatives has made the biggest impact?

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World Wildlife Fund (WWF) with their symbolic animal adoption program (1973)
National Geographic with their photo-based adoption certificates (1982)
The Nature Conservancy with their land parcel adoption program (1977)
Conservation International with their species guardian program (1968)