Which NLP advancement has most dramatically improved multilingual product search capabilities in global e-commerce platforms since 2019?

Natural Language Processing (NLP) has revolutionized how retailers interact with customers across digital platforms. From product discovery to post-purchase support, language technology has become integral to modern retail strategy. This poll tests your knowledge about the intersection of linguistics, NLP, and retail innovation in the evolving e-commerce landscape. See if you can identify which breakthrough technology has most significantly impacted multilingual product search capabilities.

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BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) with cross-lingual transfer learning
Traditional rule-based translation systems with enhanced semantic dictionaries
Statistical machine translation models with retail-specific training corpora
Recursive Neural Networks (RNNs) with attention mechanisms for product descriptions