Which US presidential campaign first used microtargeting as a sophisticated market research technique to identify and reach specific voter segments?

In the world of politics, understanding public opinion is crucial for campaign success. Political campaigns spend millions on sophisticated market research to shape their messaging and policy positions. This trivia question explores a groundbreaking market research technique that revolutionized how presidential campaigns gather voter insights. Test your knowledge about the intersection of political campaigning and advanced market research methodologies!

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George W. Bush's 2004 re-election campaign
Barack Obama's 2008 campaign
Bill Clinton's 1996 re-election campaign
Donald Trump's 2016 campaign