Which ancient civilization first used standardized 'cartouches' on products as a form of brand identification that guaranteed quality and origin to distant customers?

While we often think of branding as a modern concept, ancient civilizations pioneered many marketing techniques we still use today. From merchant seals in Mesopotamia to distinctive pottery marks in Greece and Rome, these early civilizations understood the power of visual identity. This poll explores how ancient artisans and merchants used symbols to distinguish their products in early marketplaces, creating some of history's first 'brand mascots' that helped establish trust and recognition among consumers.

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Ancient Egypt, where royal cartouches on products indicated items made for or approved by pharaonic workshops
Ancient Rome, where 'tesserae' markings were used by guilds to denote officially sanctioned merchandise
Indus Valley Civilization, where merchant seals were pressed onto clay packages to identify trading houses
Ancient China, where Zhou Dynasty artisans marked bronzeware with specific symbols to indicate imperial workshop origin