Which innovative product marketing strategy did NASA implement in 1995 that transformed public perception of the Hubble Space Telescope after its initial lens flaw?

The Hubble Space Telescope is one of astronomy's most famous products, revolutionizing our view of the cosmos since its launch in 1990. Beyond its scientific achievements, Hubble represents a fascinating case study in product marketing, public engagement, and brand development in the scientific community. Test your knowledge about how this astronomical marvel was marketed and transformed from a technical failure into one of NASA's greatest success stories.

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The release of the 'Pillars of Creation' image, which became an iconic visual brand for astronomy in popular culture
A celebrity endorsement campaign featuring Stephen Hawking as the official Hubble spokesperson
The 'Name a Star' retail program where consumers could purchase naming rights to discoveries
The launch of Hubble-branded telescopes for consumer retail, creating a direct revenue stream