Which ancient civilization pioneered the concept of 'brand seals' on merchandise as an early form of product packaging and trademark protection?

The markets and retail spaces of ancient civilizations reveal fascinating insights about their economies, social structures, and consumer behaviors. From the grand bazaars of Mesopotamia to the agoras of Ancient Greece, retail spaces were not just places of commerce but social hubs where culture flourished. This poll explores how ancient peoples approached retail, branding, and consumer behavior in ways that might surprise you!

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Ancient Egyptians, who marked wine jars with estate names and vintages
Mesopotamians, who used cylinder seals on clay containers to denote product origin and quality
Ancient Romans, who stamped pottery and amphorae with maker's marks
Ancient Chinese, who applied imperial seals to silk and pottery exports