Which mathematical model is most widely implemented by major e-commerce platforms for their recommendation systems that can handle sparse matrices of user-item interactions?

E-commerce platforms rely heavily on mathematical algorithms to optimize various aspects of their business. From product recommendations to pricing strategies, mathematics plays a crucial role in maximizing revenue and enhancing user experience. This trivia tests your knowledge about a specific mathematical concept that revolutionized e-commerce recommendation systems in the last decade.

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Matrix Factorization (specifically Singular Value Decomposition)
Bayesian Inference Networks
Markov Decision Processes
Quadratic Programming Optimization