Which ancient civilization first used clay seals as 'product branding' to guarantee authenticity and quality of merchandise in long-distance trade?

Long before modern retail, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated commercial systems with their own versions of branding, marketing, and product recognition. From the bustling markets of Mesopotamia to the trade networks of the Roman Empire, discover how ancient merchants established product identity and consumer trust in ways that still influence modern commerce. Test your knowledge about one of history's most significant product innovations and its impact on ancient economic systems!

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Mesopotamians (circa 3500 BCE)
Ancient Egyptians (circa 3000 BCE)
Indus Valley civilization (circa 2600 BCE)
Ancient Chinese (Shang Dynasty, circa 1600 BCE)