What was the original meaning of the term 'Black Friday' before it became associated with post-Thanksgiving shopping?

Black Friday has become one of the biggest shopping events globally, marking the beginning of the holiday shopping season. But how well do you know the history behind this retail phenomenon that drives billions in sales annually? Test your knowledge about the origins of this massive shopping festival that retailers now spend months preparing for and that significantly impacts quarterly financial results for major companies.

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A stock market crash in 1869 when gold prices plummeted
The day retail stores traditionally moved from operating at a loss ('in the red') to profitability ('in the black')
A term coined by retail workers to describe the chaos of the busiest shopping day
A marketing campaign created by department stores in the 1950s