Which mathematical concept revolutionized retail inventory management by enabling the 'just-in-time' delivery system that minimizes storage costs while maintaining optimal stock levels?

The intersection of mathematics and retail innovation has revolutionized how stores operate and make decisions. Advanced algorithms and mathematical models now power everything from inventory optimization to customer behavior prediction. This trivia question tests your knowledge of how mathematical concepts have transformed modern retail innovation practices.

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Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation
Linear Programming optimization
Fourier Transform analysis
Bayesian Network modeling