Which retail innovation from the 1970s is widely credited as the first major implementation of data analytics in retail history?

The retail landscape has been transformed by data analytics, allowing businesses to make smarter decisions about inventory, customer preferences, and marketing strategies. But when did this revolution truly begin? Test your knowledge about the pivotal moment when retail data analytics first made a significant impact on the industry and forever changed how retailers understand consumer behavior.

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The Universal Product Code (UPC) barcode scanning system, which allowed retailers to track inventory and purchasing patterns for the first time
The first electronic point-of-sale (EPOS) systems that tracked daily sales but didn't yet analyze customer behavior patterns
The introduction of store loyalty cards, which allowed retailers to track individual customer purchasing habits
The development of the first retail data warehousing systems by IBM for major department stores