When and where did the term 'Black Friday' first originate as a shopping phenomenon in retail history?

Black Friday has become one of the most significant shopping festivals in retail history, transforming from a local Philadelphia phenomenon into a global retail event. This trivia question explores the historical origins of this massive shopping day that now marks the unofficial beginning of the holiday shopping season and generates billions in sales worldwide. Test your knowledge about this retail history milestone!

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1960s Philadelphia, when police described the post-Thanksgiving traffic chaos and shopping crowds
1980s Wall Street, when retailers' accounting ledgers went from 'red' to 'black' after Thanksgiving sales
1950s New York, when Macy's launched the first post-Thanksgiving department store sale
1970s Chicago, when the first midnight door-opening shopping event caused stampedes