Which traditional automotive marketing expenditure has Tesla famously avoided throughout most of its history?

Tesla has disrupted not just electric vehicle technology but also traditional automotive marketing approaches. Unlike most car manufacturers that spend billions on conventional advertising, Tesla has taken a radically different path to build its brand. This trivia question explores one of the most distinctive aspects of Tesla's retail innovation and marketing strategy that has helped it become one of the world's most valuable automotive companies.

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Paid advertising (TV commercials, print ads, billboards)
Celebrity brand ambassadors and influencer partnerships
Dealership networks and showrooms
Digital marketing and social media presence