Which payment system innovation is credited with enabling the free-to-play revolution in the gaming industry around 2010-2012?

The gaming industry has evolved dramatically in how players purchase games and in-game items. From physical cartridges to complex microtransaction systems, payment methods have shaped game development, business models, and player experiences. This trivia question tests your knowledge about a pivotal payment innovation that transformed the economics of the gaming industry and created new opportunities for developers and publishers.

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Digital wallets with integrated parental controls
Microtransactions through in-app purchasing systems
Blockchain-based cryptocurrency payment processing
Subscription-based payment models with tiered access