Which invention first revolutionized retail inventory management by enabling automated product tracking?

The way retailers track and manage inventory has evolved dramatically over the decades. From manual counting to sophisticated digital systems, technological innovations have transformed how businesses handle their stock. This poll tests your knowledge about a pivotal invention that revolutionized retail inventory management and created the foundation for modern supply chains and e-commerce systems. Do you know which groundbreaking technology first allowed retailers to automatically track products without manual counting?

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The Universal Product Code (UPC) barcode system, introduced in 1974 with a pack of Wrigley's chewing gum as the first scanned product
The IBM 805 Test Scoring Machine of 1938, which used optical mark recognition to track products in warehouses
The Hollerith Tabulating Machine from 1890, first used by Macy's to create automated inventory records
The NCR Class 3000 electronic cash register of 1968, which featured the first digital inventory tracking system