Which language learning app launched first and pioneered the mobile language learning revolution?

Language learning technology has transformed from classroom textbooks to pocket-sized digital teachers. The emergence of mobile applications revolutionized how people worldwide acquire new languages, making learning more accessible, gamified, and personalized than ever before. One pioneering app in particular changed the landscape forever, setting standards for engagement and retention that competitors still strive to match. Do you know which breakthrough product launched first and changed language learning forever?

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Duolingo (2011)
Babbel (2008, but mobile app in 2012)
Rosetta Stone (1992, but mobile app in 2013)
Memrise (2010, but mobile app in 2012)