Which subscription-based scientific platform was the first to offer a 'pay-per-experiment' model that allowed researchers to access multi-million dollar equipment remotely?

In the evolving landscape of scientific research, subscription-based platforms have revolutionized how researchers access tools and data. These models have transformed laboratory operations, democratized access to cutting-edge equipment, and accelerated discovery timelines. This trivia question explores a groundbreaking science subscription service that changed how researchers approach experimental design and data analysis.

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Science Exchange, launched in 2011 as the first marketplace connecting scientists with specialized research services
LabCentral, established in 2013 as a subscription-based shared laboratory facility for biotech startups
Emerald Cloud Lab, founded in 2015 offering remote access to automated laboratory equipment
Benchling, created in 2012 as a cloud-based platform for life science research and development