Which innovative product marketing approach by Johannes Gutenberg in the 1450s revolutionized access to religious texts?

The publishing and distribution of religious texts represents one of the oldest and most influential product marketing campaigns in human history. From ancient scrolls to modern digital platforms, religious organizations have continually innovated in how they package and distribute their core teachings. This poll tests your knowledge about a pivotal moment in religious text marketing that fundamentally changed accessibility to spiritual knowledge.

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Creating the first movable-type printing press, making the Bible widely available to the public rather than only to clergy and the wealthy
Developing an early subscription model where households could receive monthly scriptural passages delivered by courier
Introducing illuminated manuscripts with gold leaf illustrations that made religious texts into luxury retail items
Establishing the first chain of scriptoria shops where customers could order personalized religious text compilations