Which cybersecurity measure is specifically designed to protect scientific research data during collaborative multi-institutional studies?

In today's high-tech scientific research environment, cybersecurity has become as crucial as lab protocols. From protecting intellectual property to securing sensitive genomic data, scientific organizations face unique cybersecurity challenges. This trivia question tests your knowledge about how modern science labs protect their valuable research assets and data from increasingly sophisticated threats.

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Federated learning protocols that allow machine learning models to be trained across decentralized data without sharing the raw data
Standard VPN connections with basic encryption
Blockchain verification for equipment maintenance logs
Quantum cryptography for securing laboratory door access systems