Which grocery retailer first introduced an electronic customer loyalty card program in the United States?

Loyalty programs are now ubiquitous in food retail, with nearly every major grocery chain offering some type of rewards system. These programs not only encourage repeat shopping but also generate valuable customer data that retailers use to personalize offerings and optimize inventory. But do you know which grocery chain revolutionized the industry with their early adoption of electronic loyalty cards?

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Safeway with their 'Club Card' (1995)
Kroger with their 'Plus Card' (1994)
Dorothy Lane Market with their 'Club DLM' (1995)
Vons with their 'Vons Club' (1989)