Which innovative pricing/funding strategy did NASA implement to ensure the completion of the James Webb Space Telescope despite its ballooning costs?

The James Webb Space Telescope represents one of astronomy's most significant technological achievements, but also one of its most complex pricing stories. This poll tests your knowledge about the financial strategy behind this revolutionary observatory that's changing our understanding of the universe. Do you know how NASA and its international partners approached the funding and pricing of this landmark project?

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NASA established a special international consortium where partner countries paid proportionally to their GDP, creating the first 'sliding scale' funding model for space exploration
NASA implemented a 'cost cap' strategy in 2011, requiring Congressional reauthorization for any additional funding beyond the established budget ceiling
NASA pioneered a 'subscription model' where research institutions worldwide pre-purchased observation time blocks to generate upfront capital
NASA utilized a 'phased pricing' approach, deliberately underestimating initial costs to secure approval, then gradually revealing true costs as the project progressed