Which ancient civilization introduced the world's first known branded merchandise with manufacturer seals to guarantee quality and prevent counterfeiting?

Before modern shopping malls and e-commerce, ancient civilizations had sophisticated marketplace systems that shaped early retail. From the bustling Agoras of Greece to the expansive Forum of Rome and the complex trade routes of Mesopotamia, retail has ancient roots. This trivia question explores an innovative retail practice from antiquity that might surprise you about how advanced ancient commercial systems truly were.

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Ancient Rome, with official pottery stamps (sigillum) to authenticate government-approved goods
Mesopotamia, where Babylonian merchants used cylinder seals on clay containers to identify authentic products
Ancient Egypt, with pharaonic cartouches stamped on luxury items from royal workshops
Ancient Greece, where potters signed their ceramic wares with distinctive maker's marks