In retail inventory management, which practice is MOST effective at reducing the bullwhip effect in supply chains?

The 'bullwhip effect' is a notorious phenomenon in retail inventory management that can wreak havoc on supply chains. As demand fluctuations move upstream from consumers to retailers to wholesalers to manufacturers, the variance in orders amplifies dramatically - like the crack of a bullwhip. This trivia tests your knowledge of this critical concept that costs businesses billions annually in excess inventory, stockouts, and inefficient production.

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Increasing safety stock levels across all supply chain tiers
Implementing just-in-time (JIT) inventory systems without information sharing
Information sharing and collaborative forecasting between supply chain partners
Centralizing all inventory decisions with the manufacturer