Which ancient civilization created the first documented example of branded merchandise with a merchant's 'trademark' stamp on products to guarantee quality and origin?

Before modern retail giants and global advertising campaigns, ancient civilizations had their own sophisticated commercial strategies. Some products and merchants became so renowned that their 'brands' were recognized across continents. This poll explores how ancient civilizations pioneered product branding techniques that we still use today. Test your knowledge about early retail innovation that shaped commerce for millennia!

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Ancient Rome, with olive oil amphorae bearing producer seals from specific regions
Mesopotamia, with clay tablets bearing merchant seals on products from around 3000 BCE
Ancient Egypt, with royal cartouches marking products made for pharaohs
Ancient China, with silk products bearing imperial workshop marks from the Han Dynasty