Which mathematical technique revolutionized retail inventory optimization by enabling simultaneous analysis of multiple product variables and is now foundational to most retail analytics platforms?

In the competitive world of retail, mathematical algorithms and data models have revolutionized how businesses analyze customer behavior and optimize inventory. Advanced mathematical techniques now power the systems behind personalized product recommendations, dynamic pricing strategies, and demand forecasting. This trivia question explores a significant mathematical innovation that transformed retail analytics and big data processing.

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Monte Carlo simulation
Tensor factorization
Euclidean distance clustering
Bayesian probability networks