Which retail innovation, first introduced in the 1930s, revolutionized shopping by allowing customers to select their own merchandise without clerk assistance?

Before department stores and online shopping, retail looked very different. This poll tests your knowledge about a pivotal moment in retail history that transformed how customers shopped and how products were sold. The innovation discussed here fundamentally changed the relationship between customers, products, and pricing strategies in ways that continue to influence retail today.

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Self-service shopping carts (introduced by Sylvan Goldman at Humpty Dumpty Supermarket)
Barcode scanning technology (developed by Norman Joseph Woodland)
Loyalty card programs (pioneered by Sperry & Hutchinson Green Stamps)
Electronic cash registers (invented by James Ritty)