Which innovative pricing strategy did Wolfram Research pioneer for its flagship product Mathematica that transformed how mathematical software is sold in academic markets?

In the world of mathematics education and research software, pricing strategies can seem counterintuitive. Different mathematical software companies employ various pricing models to balance accessibility for education while maintaining profitability in professional sectors. This trivia question explores a notable pricing innovation that revolutionized access to advanced mathematical tools while creating a sustainable business model.

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The tiered licensing model with dramatically reduced academic pricing (up to 95% discount) while maintaining full enterprise pricing
The freemium model where basic calculations are free but advanced functions require payment
The computational credit system where users purchase credits to solve equations based on complexity
The open-source core with paid proprietary extensions model