Which ancient civilization first used maker's marks (an early form of branding) on pottery and other goods to indicate quality and origin, establishing one of the earliest examples of retail brand strategy?

Before modern shopping malls and e-commerce, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated retail experiences and brand strategies. From Mesopotamian pottery stamps to Roman branded goods, product differentiation has ancient roots. This poll explores how early civilizations utilized branding techniques to distinguish their products in marketplaces that were often the central hubs of economic and social life. Test your knowledge about these early retail innovations that laid the groundwork for today's brand strategies.

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Mesopotamia (circa 4000 BCE)
Ancient Egypt (circa 3000 BCE)
Ancient Greece (circa 700 BCE)
Roman Empire (circa 200 BCE)