What innovative marketing strategy did Texas Instruments use in the 1990s that helped their graphing calculators become the standard in mathematics education?

In the world of mathematics education, few products have had as profound an impact as calculators. Texas Instruments transformed how students learn math through strategic marketing of their educational technology. This poll explores a pivotal marketing decision that helped TI calculators become the dominant tool in mathematics classrooms across America, creating a product ecosystem that continues to influence mathematics education today.

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They created specialized textbooks that incorporated TI calculator instructions, effectively making their calculators required for coursework
They offered a lifetime warranty on all calculators, making them the preferred choice for educational institutions
They developed a subscription model where students received annual calculator upgrades at reduced prices
They implemented a trade-in program allowing schools to exchange competitors' calculators for TI models at no cost