Which mathematical technique is NOT typically used in retail personalization algorithms to group similar customers together?

Personalization algorithms have revolutionized the retail industry, using sophisticated mathematical models to predict customer preferences. These systems analyze vast amounts of data to create tailored shopping experiences, increasing customer satisfaction and sales. Test your knowledge of the mathematical foundations that power modern retail recommendation engines and personalization systems!

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Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulations
K-means clustering
Hierarchical clustering
Collaborative filtering