Which product innovation strategy, now common in retail, originated from the US military's need for reliable equipment during World War II?

Throughout history, military needs have driven significant product innovations that later transformed civilian markets. From radar to the internet, military R&D has shaped our modern world. This poll tests your knowledge about a fascinating product development strategy that originated in military history but revolutionized how we think about consumer products today.

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Planned obsolescence - designing products with artificially limited useful life
Total Quality Management (TQM) - systematic approach to quality control and continuous improvement
Just-in-time inventory - reducing inventory costs by receiving goods only as needed
Freemium model - offering basic products for free while charging for advanced features