Which retail giant first implemented the 'Collaborative Filtering' algorithm that revolutionized product recommendations and is now a standard mathematical model used across e-commerce?

Predictive analytics and mathematical models have transformed the retail landscape. Major companies invest millions in sophisticated algorithms to optimize inventory, predict consumer behavior, and personalize shopping experiences. One pioneering implementation stands out for its unprecedented impact on retail strategy and has been widely adopted across the industry. Test your knowledge of how mathematics has revolutionized retail operations with this challenging question!

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Amazon with its item-to-item collaborative filtering system introduced in 1998
Walmart with its customer segmentation algorithm launched in 2002
Target with its predictive analytics model released in 2004
eBay with its recommendation engine developed in 2000