Which ancient civilization first used branded packaging with merchant seals to guarantee product authenticity in retail?

Before modern shopping malls and e-commerce, ancient civilizations had sophisticated retail strategies and marketplaces that shaped economies and cultures. From Mesopotamian bazaars to Roman commercial forums, these early retail environments established practices we still use today. Test your knowledge about the retail strategies and commercial innovations of the ancient world in this challenging trivia question!

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Ancient Rome with their 'ex officina' (from the workshop of) stamps
Mesopotamian merchants with cylinder seal impressions on clay containers
Ancient Egypt with hieroglyphic cartouches on luxury goods
Ancient Greece with amphora maker's marks on wine and olive oil containers