Which retail pioneer first introduced the revolutionary concept of clearly marked fixed prices in the 1860s, eliminating the common practice of haggling and creating the foundation for modern retail?

The retail landscape we know today was shaped by revolutionary ideas and innovations throughout history. Before modern conveniences like online shopping and big-box stores, retail pioneers were developing concepts that would forever change how we purchase goods. This trivia question focuses on a pivotal moment in retail history that transformed shopping from a negotiation-based experience to the fixed-price model most consumers now take for granted.

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F.W. Woolworth (Five-and-Dime stores)
John Wanamaker (Wanamaker's department store)
Marshall Field (Marshall Field and Company)
Rowland Hussey Macy (Macy's)