Which scientific principle enables most modern retail smart shelf systems to automatically detect when inventory is running low?

The Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming scientific approaches to retail management and inventory control. Smart shelves represent a fascinating intersection of weight sensors, RFID technology, and real-time data analytics that's changing how retailers understand product movement and customer behavior. This poll tests your knowledge about these scientific innovations reshaping the retail landscape through advanced sensor networks and data processing.

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Load cell technology that measures minute changes in weight distribution
Infrared light beam interruption patterns that count individual product units
Computer vision AI that analyzes shelf images to identify product gaps
Ultrasonic wave reflection that measures product surface area on shelves