Which e-commerce innovation in the publishing industry first allowed independent authors to self-publish e-books directly to readers with a 70% royalty model, disrupting traditional publishing?

The publishing industry has undergone massive transformation with the rise of e-commerce platforms. From traditional bookstores to digital marketplaces, the way readers discover and purchase books has evolved dramatically. This trivia question explores a pivotal moment in the digital revolution of literature retail that changed how authors connect with audiences and how books are marketed worldwide.

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Amazon's Kindle Direct Publishing (KDP)
Apple's iBooks Author
Smashwords
Lulu Publishing