Which ancient civilization first developed standardized clay containers with official seals to guarantee product quality and quantity in retail markets?

Before modern plastic and cardboard, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated packaging solutions to preserve, transport, and sell their goods. These early packaging technologies shaped commerce and trade routes across continents. Test your knowledge about the innovative packaging solutions developed by ancient merchants and traders that influenced early retail systems.

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Mesopotamians (c. 3000 BCE), who created uniform clay vessels marked with cuneiform symbols indicating contents, origin, and quality grade
Ancient Egyptians (c. 2500 BCE), who used papyrus-wrapped packages with hieroglyphic seals to verify pharaonic approval of marketplace goods
Indus Valley civilization (c. 2600 BCE), who developed standardized stone weights and sealed ceramic containers for marketplace regulation
Ancient Chinese (c. 1600 BCE), who created bamboo and ceramic vessels with stamped imperial seals guaranteeing contents and measures