Which mathematical algorithm is MOST commonly used in advanced retail inventory management systems to optimize reorder points while balancing inventory holding costs and stockout risks?

Modern retail inventory management relies heavily on mathematical algorithms to optimize stock levels, predict demand patterns, and minimize costs. These sophisticated mathematical models can mean the difference between profitable operations and costly overstock or stockout situations. This trivia question explores the mathematical foundations behind today's advanced retail inventory management systems and how they transform raw data into actionable business intelligence.

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Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model with stochastic demand variables
Simple moving average forecasting with linear regression
Monte Carlo simulation without constraint parameters
Naive Bayes classifier for inventory categorization