Which of the following data analytics approaches was FIRST used by military historians to analyze battle outcomes and improve tactical training?

Modern militaries rely heavily on data analytics to understand historical battles and improve strategic planning. Throughout history, the collection and analysis of battlefield data has evolved dramatically. This poll tests your knowledge of how military organizations have leveraged data analytics to gain advantages in warfare across different eras. Can you identify which revolutionary data analysis technique actually dates back further than you might expect?

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Statistical analysis of casualty rates by Napoleon's Grande Armée (1805)
Visualization mapping of troop movements during the American Civil War by Charles Joseph Minard (1861)
Florence Nightingale's polar area diagrams showing causes of mortality in the Crimean War (1858)
British War Office's statistical models predicting supply needs based on WWI campaign data (1916)