Which ancient civilization first used a standardized 'brand mark' on retail products to guarantee quality and origin?

Before modern storefronts and digital shopping carts, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated retail marketing techniques. From branded pottery in Ancient Greece to reputation-based trade in Mesopotamian bazaars, retail branding has ancient roots. Test your knowledge about how early civilizations advertised their wares and established their commercial identities thousands of years before modern marketing concepts emerged.

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Ancient Egypt, with royal cartouches stamped on goods approved by the pharaoh
Ancient Rome, with 'sigillum' stamps on pottery and wine amphorae
Ancient China, with imperial seals marking silk and porcelain
Ancient Indus Valley, with merchant seals on traded commodities