Which ancient civilization created what is widely considered the world's oldest known trademark, a red pine symbol found on pottery that dates back to 3000 BCE?

While we often think of logos and trademarks as modern marketing inventions, ancient civilizations had their own versions of brand identity. Craftsmen, merchants, and producers in antiquity would mark their goods with distinct symbols to indicate origin, quality, and authenticity. This poll explores one fascinating aspect of ancient product branding that has surprising connections to our modern understanding of trademarks and logos.

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Ancient China (Xia Dynasty)
Ancient Egypt (Early Dynastic Period)
Mesopotamia (Sumerian civilization)
Indus Valley Civilization