Which innovative pricing strategy revolutionized the mathematics textbook market around 2015, making advanced calculus and statistics resources more accessible to students?

The mathematics textbook market has undergone significant pricing strategy changes in recent years as publishers adapt to digital disruption, open educational resources, and changing student expectations. This poll tests your knowledge about a groundbreaking pricing model that transformed how students access advanced mathematics learning materials. Do you know which innovative approach caused a paradigm shift in the industry?

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Dynamic pricing based on student performance data, where prices decrease as student mastery increases
Subscription-based access to digital mathematics content libraries with interactive problem-solving tools
Blockchain-authenticated micropaymenting, allowing students to pay only for specific theorems and formulas they need
Crowdsourced pricing model where cost decreases as more students at a university adopt the same textbook