Which big data application has most significantly improved efficiency in scientific laboratory supply retail over the past decade?

The scientific research industry relies heavily on specialized retail supplies and equipment. In recent years, big data analytics has transformed how scientific supply retailers operate, from inventory management to customer behavior prediction. This trivia question explores how data science is being applied to the business of science itself, creating a fascinating intersection of scientific research and retail technology.

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Predictive inventory systems that forecast research trends based on published papers and grant approvals
Virtual reality laboratory simulations for testing products before purchase
Blockchain tracking of all laboratory supplies for authentication purposes
Quantum computing systems that optimize chemical reagent pricing based on market demand