Which mathematical concept revolutionized retail customer segmentation in the early 2000s, leading to the development of 'predictive analytics' as a core marketing strategy?

Mathematics and marketing might seem like distant domains, but they've become increasingly intertwined. With the rise of data analytics and algorithmic customer targeting, mathematical models now drive many successful retail strategies. This poll tests your knowledge about a groundbreaking moment when mathematical principles revolutionized how retailers understand and segment their customer base. How well do you know the history of mathematical applications in consumer trend analysis?

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Bayesian probability networks, which allowed retailers to calculate likelihood of future purchases based on past behavior patterns
Fibonacci sequences, which revealed natural purchasing cycles and helped retailers time their promotional campaigns
Fractal geometry, which mapped shopping behaviors as self-similar patterns across different demographic scales
Game theory matrices, which modeled competitive shopping behaviors and optimized pricing strategies accordingly