Which e-commerce innovation led to the 'Fifty Shades of Grey' phenomenon, transforming self-published fan fiction into a global bestseller that revolutionized book marketing?

The publishing industry has undergone a dramatic transformation with the rise of e-commerce. From traditional bookstores to online platforms, the way readers discover and purchase literature has evolved significantly. This trivia question explores a pivotal moment in the intersection of literature and e-commerce that changed how authors connect with their audiences and how literary works are marketed in the digital age.

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Amazon's Kindle Direct Publishing platform, which allowed the author to bypass traditional publishing gatekeepers
Goodreads' recommendation algorithm, which created a viral word-of-mouth marketing campaign
Barnes & Noble's Nook Press, which offered special promotion for self-published romance novels
Etsy's limited edition literary merchandise platform, which created collector demand for physical copies