Which ancient civilization is credited with creating the first standardized retail 'brand marks' - clay seals that guaranteed product quality and origin for traded goods across vast distances?

Before modern retail chains and brand slogans, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated commercial systems with their own version of 'branding.' From Mesopotamian merchant seals to Roman commercial districts, retail innovation has deep historical roots. This poll explores how ancient merchants differentiated their products and created lasting commercial identities in the earliest marketplaces of human civilization.

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Ancient Egypt, with royal cartouche marks on export pottery
Mesopotamia (specifically Sumer), with cylinder seals for merchant authentication
Ancient Greece, with amphora maker's marks on olive oil and wine vessels
Indus Valley Civilization, with steatite seals for trade goods