Which mobile commerce innovation first allowed transportation companies to implement dynamic pricing based on real-time demand?

The transportation industry has undergone significant transformation with the rise of mobile commerce. From ride-hailing apps to mobile ticketing systems for public transit, m-commerce has revolutionized how people access and pay for transportation services. This poll tests your knowledge about a key mobile commerce innovation that dramatically changed the transportation landscape and consumer behavior patterns.

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GPS-enabled ride-hailing algorithms (e.g., Uber's surge pricing)
NFC-based mobile transit passes
QR code ticketing systems
Bluetooth-enabled vehicle access systems