Which ancient civilization created the first systematic use of maker's marks on commercial products as a form of brand identification?

Before modern marketing and branding, ancient civilizations developed sophisticated methods to distinguish their products in marketplaces spanning from Rome to China. Craftsmen and merchants created unique marks and symbols to indicate origin, quality, and authenticity of their goods. This poll explores one of history's earliest examples of product branding - a practice that fundamentally shaped commerce across millennia and laid groundwork for modern marketing strategies we still use today.

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Ancient Egyptians with their royal cartouches on luxury goods (3000 BCE)
Mesopotamian potters who stamped clay vessels with distinctive symbols (4500 BCE)
Chinese merchants who used carved seals on silk products (2000 BCE)
Roman producers who branded amphorae with specific markings (100 BCE)