Which 19th century department store is credited with creating the first formal customer loyalty program in retail history?

Department stores revolutionized retail by introducing innovative concepts that forever changed how people shop. These retail pioneers implemented early customer retention strategies that we still see variations of today. Test your knowledge about the historical origins of these retail innovations that shaped modern shopping experiences and customer loyalty programs.

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Bon Marché in Paris (1850s), which offered store credit and personalized service to regular customers
Selfridges in London (1909), which introduced the 'Selfridge Savings Book' for repeat customers
Wanamaker's in Philadelphia (1860s), which pioneered the 'Wanamaker Bronze Card' for loyal shoppers
Marshall Field's in Chicago (1890s), which created the 'Field's Preferred Customer Account'